{"id":11255,"date":"2024-09-12T10:05:41","date_gmt":"2024-09-12T14:05:41","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/trajectoire-des-jeunes-personnes-proches-aidantes-ppa\/"},"modified":"2026-07-18T11:55:27","modified_gmt":"2026-07-18T15:55:27","slug":"trajectory-of-young-caregivers","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/en\/trajectory-of-young-caregivers\/","title":{"rendered":"Trajectory of Young Caregivers"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"et_pb_section_0 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_0 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_0 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_0 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h1 style=\"text-align: center; opacity:0\">Trajectory of Young Caregivers<\/h1>\n<\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_code_0 et_pb_code et_pb_module preset--group--divi-code--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_code_inner\">\n\t\t\t\t<p class=\"rs-p-wp-fix\"><\/p>\n\t\t\t\t<sr7-module data-alias=\"young-ppa-en-1\" data-id=\"6\" id=\"SR7_6_1\" class=\"rs-ov-hidden\" data-version=\"6.7.58\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<sr7-adjuster><\/sr7-adjuster>\n\t\t\t\t\t<sr7-content>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<sr7-slide id=\"SR7_6_1-11\" data-key=\"11\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/sr7-slide>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<sr7-slide id=\"SR7_6_1-12\" data-key=\"12\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/sr7-slide>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/sr7-content>\n\t\t\t\t\t<image_lists style=\"display:none\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Young-PPA-EN-0.png\" data-libid=\"11243\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"TRAJECTORY OF YOUNG CAREGIVERS\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-0\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzExL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi0wLnBuZw==\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Young-PPA-EN-who-are-they.png\" data-libid=\"11245\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-who-are-they\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzExL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi13aG8tYXJlLXRoZXkucG5n\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-relationship-with-the-care-receiver.png\" data-libid=\"11266\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Relationship with the care receiver\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-relationship-with-the-care-receiver\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1yZWxhdGlvbnNoaXAtd2l0aC10aGUtY2FyZS1yZWNlaXZlci5wbmc=\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Young-PPA-EN-family-situation.png\" data-libid=\"11249\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Family situation\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-family-situation\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzExL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1mYW1pbHktc2l0dWF0aW9uLnBuZw==\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Young-PPA-EN-the-condition-requiring-care-and-level-of-care-provided.png\" data-libid=\"11247\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-the-condition-requiring-care-and-level-of-care-provided\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzExL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi10aGUtY29uZGl0aW9uLXJlcXVpcmluZy1jYXJlLWFuZC1sZXZlbC1vZi1jYXJlLXByb3ZpZGVkLnBuZw==\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-stigma-and-invisibilization.png\" data-libid=\"11268\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Stigma and invisibilization\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-stigma-and-invisibilization\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1zdGlnbWEtYW5kLWludmlzaWJpbGl6YXRpb24ucG5n\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-organization-and-access-to-services.png\" data-libid=\"11270\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Organization and access to services\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-organization-and-access-to-services\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1vcmdhbml6YXRpb24tYW5kLWFjY2Vzcy10by1zZXJ2aWNlcy5wbmc=\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-age.png\" data-libid=\"11272\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Age\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-age\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1hZ2UucG5n\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-gender.png\" data-libid=\"11274\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Gender\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-gender\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1nZW5kZXIucG5n\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-socioeconomic-situation.png\" data-libid=\"11276\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Ethnocultural diversity and 2SLGBTQIA+\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-socioeconomic-situation\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1zb2Npb2Vjb25vbWljLXNpdHVhdGlvbi5wbmc=\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-ethnocultural-diversity-and-2slgbtqia.png\" data-libid=\"11290\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Ethnocultural diversity and 2SLGBTQIA+\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-ethnocultural-diversity-and-2slgbtqia\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1ldGhub2N1bHR1cmFsLWRpdmVyc2l0eS1hbmQtMnNsZ2J0cWlhLnBuZw==\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-entry-into-caregiving.png\" data-libid=\"11278\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Entry into caregiving\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-entry-into-caregiving\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1lbnRyeS1pbnRvLWNhcmVnaXZpbmcucG5n\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-reconfiguring-the-role-of-caregiver.png\" data-libid=\"11286\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Reconfiguring the role of caregiver\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-reconfiguring-the-role-of-caregiver\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1yZWNvbmZpZ3VyaW5nLXRoZS1yb2xlLW9mLWNhcmVnaXZlci5wbmc=\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-end-of-caregiving-and-post-caregiving-period.png\" data-libid=\"11288\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"End of caregiving and post-caregiving period\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-end-of-caregiving-and-post-caregiving-period\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1lbmQtb2YtY2FyZWdpdmluZy1hbmQtcG9zdC1jYXJlZ2l2aW5nLXBlcmlvZC5wbmc=\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-resources-and-support.png\" data-libid=\"11282\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-resources-and-support\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1yZXNvdXJjZXMtYW5kLXN1cHBvcnQucG5n\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/Young-PPA-EN-recognition-of-young-caregivers.png\" data-libid=\"11280\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"Recognition of young caregivers\" title=\"Young-PPA-EN-recognition-of-young-caregivers\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzEyL1lvdW5nLVBQQS1FTi1yZWNvZ25pdGlvbi1vZi15b3VuZy1jYXJlZ2l2ZXJzLnBuZw==\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img data-src=\"\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/11\/Parents-PPA-EN-place-of-residence.png\" data-libid=\"11077\" data-lib=\"medialibrary\" alt=\"PLACE OF RESIDENCE\" title=\"Parents-PPA-EN-place-of-residence\" width=\"0\" height=\"0\" data-dbsrc=\"Ly9vYnNlcnZhdG9pcmVwcm9jaGVhaWRhbmNlLmNhL3dwLWNvbnRlbnQvdXBsb2Fkcy8yMDI0LzExL1BhcmVudHMtUFBBLUVOLXBsYWNlLW9mLXJlc2lkZW5jZS5wbmc=\"\/>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<img 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class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><em>Last updated: October 2024<\/em><\/p>\n<p>Special thanks to Aude Villatte who has contributed to enriching the content of these publications.<span style=\"font-size: 16px; text-align: left;\"><\/span><\/p>\n<p><span style=\"font-size: 16px; text-align: left;\">To cite this document: <\/span>Observatoire qu\u00e9b\u00e9cois de la proche aidance. (2024). <em>Trajectory of Young Caregivers<\/em>. CIUSSS du Centre-Ouest-de-l&#8217;\u00cele-de-Montr\u00e9al.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_4 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_7 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_toggle_0 et_pb_toggle et_pb_toggle_item et_pb_toggle_close et_pb_module et_block_module list_spacing preset--group--divi-toggle--divi-transition--default\"><h2 class=\"et_pb_toggle_title\">References<\/h2><div class=\"et_pb_toggle_content clearfix\"><ol style=\"list-style-position: outside; margin-left: 20px; padding-left: 30px;\">\n<li>Arriagada, P., Khanam, F., &amp; Sano, Y. (2022). <i><span data-teams=\"true\">Chapter 6: Political participation, civic engagement and caregiving among youth in Canada. <\/span><\/i>Statistics Canada<i>. <a href=\"https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/42-28-0001\/2021001\/article\/00006-eng.htm\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/www150.statcan.gc.ca\/n1\/pub\/42-28-0001\/2021001\/article\/00006-eng.htm<\/a><\/i><\/li>\n<li>Carers Australia. (2019). <i> Young carers. <\/i> <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/www.carersaustralia.com.au\/about-carers\/young-carers\/\" rel=\"noopener\"> http:\/\/www.carersaustralia.com. au\/about- carers\/young- carers2\/ <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Leu, A. et Becker, S. (2017). A cross-national and comparative classification of in-country awareness and policy responses to \u2018young carers.\u2019 <i> Journal of Youth Studies, 20 <\/i> (6), 750\u2013762. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13676261.2016.1260698\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13676261.2016.1260698 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Thomson, M. D., Wilson-Genderson, M. et Siminoff, L. A. (2022). The presence of a secondary caregiver differentiates primary cancer caregiver well-being. <i> Supportive Care in Cancer, 30 <\/i> (2), 1597\u20131605. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-021-06544-8\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s00520-021-06544-8 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Marino, V. R., Badana, A. N. et Haley, W. E. (2020). Care demands and well-being of primary and secondary non-spousal caregivers of aging adults. <i> Clinical Gerontologist <\/i> , <i> 43 <\/i> (5), 558-571. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07317115.2020.1759748\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/07317115.2020.1759748 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>King, T.L., Shields, M., O\u2019Flaherty, M., Kavanagh, A. et Spittal, M. J.(2023). Use of parental disability trajectories to identify adolescents who are young carers. <i> Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 52 <\/i> , 449\u2013460. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-022-01627-z\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-022-01627-z <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Wepf, H., Joseph, S. et Leu, A. (2021). Pathways to mental well-being in young carers: The role of benefit finding, coping, helplessness, and caring tasks. <i> Journal of Youth and Adolescence <\/i> , <i> 50 <\/i> (9), 1911\u20131924.\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-021-01478-0\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10964-021-01478-0 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Leu, A., Frech, M. et Jung, C. (2018). Young carers and young adult carers in Switzerland: Caring roles, ways into care and the meaning of communication. <i> Health &amp; Social Care in the Community <\/i> , <i> 26 <\/i> (6), 925-934. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12622\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12622 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Stamatopoulos, V. (2018). The young carer penalty: Exploring the costs of caregiving among a sample of Canadian youth. <i> Child &amp; Youth Services <\/i> , <i> 39 <\/i> (2-3), 180-205. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0145935X.2018.1491303\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/0145935X.2018.1491303 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Di Gessa, G., Xue, B., Lacey, R. et McMunn, A. (2022). Young adult carers in the UK\u2014New evidence from the UK household longitudinal study. <i> International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, <\/i> <i> 19 <\/i> (21). <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192114076\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.3390\/ijerph192114076 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>McDougall, E., O&#8217;Connor, M. et Howell, J. (2018). \u201cSomething that happens at home and stays at home\u201d: An exploration of the lived experience of young carers in Western Australia. H <i> ealth &amp; Social Care in the Community, 26 <\/i> (4), 572-580. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12547\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/hsc.12547 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>McGibbon, M., Spratt, T. et Davidson, G. (2019). Young carers in Northern Ireland: Perceptions of and responses to illness and disability within the family. <i> The British Journal of Social Work, 49 <\/i> (5), 1162-1179. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjsw\/bcy102\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1093\/bjsw\/bcy102 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Hamilton, M. G. et Adamson, E. (2013). Bounded agency in young carers&#8217; lifecourse-stage domains and transitions. <i> Journal of Youth Studies, 16 <\/i> (1), 101-117. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13676261.2012.710743\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13676261.2012.710743 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Barry, M. (2011). &#8216;I realised that I wasn&#8217;t alone&#8217;: The views and experiences of young carers from a social capital perspective. <i> Journal of Youth Studies, 14 <\/i> (5), 523-539.\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13676261.2010.551112\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13676261.2010.551112 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Ireland, M. J. et Pakenham, K. I. (2010). Youth adjustment to parental illness or disability: The role of illness characteristics, caregiving, and attachment. <i> Psychology, Health &amp; Medicine, 15 <\/i> (6), 632\u2013645. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13548506.2010.498891\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/13548506.2010.498891 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Pakenham, K. I. et Cox, S. D. (2018). Effects of benefit finding, social support and caregiving on youth adjustment in a parental illness context. J <i> ournal of Child and Family Studies, 27 <\/i> , 2491\u20132506. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-018-1088-2\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1007\/s10826-018-1088-2 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Roling, M., Falkson, S., Hellmers, C. et Metzing, S. (2019). Early caregiving experiences and the impact on transition into adulthood and further life: A literature review. <i> Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences, 34 <\/i> (3), 539\u2013551. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/scs.12757\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/scs.12757 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Cassidy, T. et Giles, M. (2012). Further exploration of the Young Carers Perceived Stress Scale: Identifying a benefit-finding dimension. <i> British Journal of Health Psycholog <\/i> y <i> , 18 <\/i> , 642-655.\u00a0 <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjhp.12017\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1111\/bjhp.12017 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Heyman, A. et Heyman, B. 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The high cost of unpaid care by young people: Health and economic repercussions of providing unpaid care. <i> BMC Public Health <\/i> , <i> 20 <\/i> . <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-09166-7\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1186\/s12889-020-09166-7 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Heyman, A. (2018). What do young adult carers learn through supporting family members? Extending the affirmation model. <i> Disability &amp; Society <\/i> , <i> 33 <\/i> (8), 1191\u20131211. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09687599.2018.1481014\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09687599.2018.1481014 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Orzeck, P. et Silverman, M. (2008). Recognizing post\u2010caregiving as part of the caregiving career: Implications for practice. <i> Journal of Social Work Practice, 22 <\/i> (2), 211-220. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02650530802099866\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/02650530802099866 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Earley, L., Cushway, D. et Cassidy, T. (2007). Children\u2019s perceptions and experiences of care giving: A focus group study. <i> Counselling Psychology Quarterly, 20 <\/i> (1), 69\u201380. <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09515070701217830\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1080\/09515070701217830 <\/a><\/li>\n<li>Thomas, N., Stainton, T., Jackson, S., Cheung, W.Y., Doubtfire, S. et Webb, A. (2003). \u2018Your friends don\u2019t understand\u2019: Invisibility and unmet need in the lives of \u2018young carers\u2019. <i> Child &amp; Family Social Work, <\/i> <i> 8 <\/i> , <a target=\"_blank\" href=\"https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2206.2003.00266.x\" rel=\"noopener\"> https:\/\/doi.org\/10.1046\/j.1365-2206.2003.00266.x <\/a><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_3 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_5 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_8 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_0 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_6\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"who-are-they\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_4 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_6 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_9 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_4 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>WHO ARE THEY? <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_0 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image et_animated\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap et_pb_only_image_mode_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/20240906_OBS_trajectoire_iconeSTST.png\" width=\"222\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/12\/20240906_OBS_trajectoire_iconeSTST.png 222w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" class=\"wp-image-11612\" alt=\"Ic\u00f4ne de statistiques\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><h4 class=\"et_pb_module_header\">STATISTICS<\/h4><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>In Canada in 2018, an estimated 19% of young people aged 15 to 30 were caregivers. However, the lack of information about this cohort along with the absence of data on youth aged under 15 suggest that the actual number might in fact be higher (1).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_5 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The term <em>young caregiver<\/em> refers to children, teens and young adults who provide substantial, unpaid day-to-day care for a person due to a permanent or temporary disability (physical, mental, psychosocial or other).<\/p>\n<p>While the care they provide is generally for a direct member of their family (parent or sibling), they may also support someone else they are close to (grandparent, friend, neighbour).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_1 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image et_animated\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap et_pb_only_image_mode_wrap\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" src=\"https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/20240906_OBS_trajectoire_iconeNOTE.png\" width=\"222\" height=\"222\" srcset=\"https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/20240906_OBS_trajectoire_iconeNOTE.png 222w, https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/wp-content\/uploads\/2024\/09\/20240906_OBS_trajectoire_iconeNOTE-150x150.png 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 222px) 100vw, 222px\" class=\"wp-image-10078\" \/><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><h4 class=\"et_pb_module_header\">NOTE<\/h4><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>The term <em>family<\/em> is used here in the broader sense, i.e., not limited to ties of blood or marriage.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_6 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The person in need of assistance may be disabled, suffer from chronic illness, or live with a mental and\/or physical health problem or any other condition that requires support, care or supervision (2, 3). The young caregiver may be the primary caregiver (providing all the care) or the secondary caregiver (sharing the duties with someone else).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_7 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>While the information presented in this trajectory concerns young caregivers in general, the focus is mainly on primary caregivers, those who assume the bulk of the care responsibilities (4, 5).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_8 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Studies show that, in the vast majority of cases, young caregivers provide support to a parent with one or more mental health issues (e.g., depressive symptoms, anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder, suicidal ideation, substance dependency) (6, 7, 8, 9). For these youth, there can be specific repercussions, challenges or issues related to both the nature of the incapacity and the need to assume the caring role. Insets like this one throughout the trajectory highlight certain aspects of their journey.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_1 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_7\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"relationship-with-the-care-receiver\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_5 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_7 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_10 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_9 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>RELATIONSHIP WITH THE CARE RECEIVER<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_10 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Spouses and partners often serve as primary caregivers, particularly when they live with the person they care for (23, 24). Living together typically involves taking on a range of daily responsibilities\u2014coordinating care, attending appointments, and managing symptoms. While these shared experiences can strengthen the bond between partners, they can also increase caregiver burden (1, 24).<\/p>\n<p>Caregiving spouses frequently emphasize the heavy responsibility of supporting their partner through illness, even when motivated by a promise, such as during marriage: \u201cFor better or for worse, in sickness and in health\u201d (5). Being a caregiver to a partner means that the caregiver will take on new roles in relation to their partner, which may redefine the relationship. For example, some caregivers report that sharing their life with someone with cancer and supporting them affects intimacy and sexuality, either through a decrease or complete cessation of sexual relations within the couple, creating feelings of anger, confusion, sadness, and loneliness in the majority of caregivers (135, 136, 137, 138, 139). Although the subject of sexuality remains taboo, these issues have a considerable impact on their personal and relational lives throughout their caregiving trajectory. In addition to a considerable decrease in sexual intercourse, many caregivers report that sexual relations within their couple are no longer spontaneous and generate anxiety at the time of performance, or that they hesitate before initiating sexual activity for fear of putting pressure on their partner or hurting them by touching sensitive areas (138). Some caregivers will ignore or neglect their own sexual needs in order to prioritize their partner&#8217;s health and daily needs (138) (for more information, see the subsection on intimacy and sexuality needs in <em>Resources and Support for caregivers<\/em>).They may even feel guilty about wanting to talk about their sexual needs with their partner, even if their relationship is characterized by excellent communication:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_2 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image et_animated\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p style=\"text-align: left;\">[My husband] didn&#8217;t need to hear all that. [&#8230;] [H]e was the victim.<em><br \/><\/em><strong>Margaret, caregiver for her spouse with cancer (cited in 140)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_11 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>However, caregiving relationships extend beyond partners. Parents, adult children, siblings, and even close friends or extended relatives may also step in (1, 19, 25). These caregivers, who often do not live with the care receiver, may follow different trajectories shaped by distance, logistical challenges, and competing roles. Non-co-residing caregivers may face emotional strain, such as guilt or worry about not being physically present and must navigate the difficulties of managing care at a distance (18). While they may not provide intensive daily care, they often coordinate transportation, support medical decision-making, and manage care remotely, which can still impose significant stress (1).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_2 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_8\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"family-situation\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_6 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_8 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_11 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_12 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>FAMILY SITUATION<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_13 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Various aspects to the young caregiver\u2019s family situation may influence their caregiving trajectory. <\/p>\n<p>For example: <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li><strong>Being part of a single-parent family:<\/strong> With no second parent to assume some of the burden, young caregivers must often help raise the other children in addition to supporting the parent with the incapacity (6, 9, 12). <\/li>\n<li><strong>Being in a multi-child family:<\/strong> Young caregivers may be required to care for their younger siblings by preparing meals, helping with homework or serving as a playmate (7, 20). <\/li>\n<li><strong>Being in a family where support is not equally distributed:<\/strong> : The unequal distribution of support between family members can be a source of strain. For example:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_3 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>Since my brother has been sick, my dad has been really not helpful and that has worsened the situation . . . so things have changed between us. <br \/><strong>Young caregiver (cited in 9)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_14 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Despite the negative repercussions of a complex family situation, being a young caregiver can also have its upsides. Positive outcomes include strengthened family bonds as well as feeling close to the person they care for (9, 16, 17).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_15 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>These situations can be characterized by levels of tension and stress that will vary based on the condition requiring care. The atmosphere at home may be calm and low-key, or it may be explosive, characterized by arguments, shouting and unpredictable behaviour (21, 22). To avoid conflict and lessen the chances of triggering a crisis, members of these families might minimize their interactions, thereby exacerbating their lack of interpersonal and emotional connection (21).<\/p>\n<p>In some cases, the parent\u2019s mental health may pose a threat to the young caregiver\u2019s safety and\/or physical integrity (e.g., emotional blackmail, negligence, domestic violence, sexual\/verbal\/physical assault, different forms of abuse) (12, 22, 23, 24). For some young caregivers, their trajectory could transform in a negative and traumatizing experience, with major repercussions on their life course (11, 22, 24, 25, 26).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_3 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_9\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"the-condition-requiring-care-and-level-of-care-provided\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_7 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_9 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_12 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_16 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>THE CONDITION REQUIRING CARE AND LEVEL OF CARE PROVIDED <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_17 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Young caregivers will undergo different experiences based on the specific needs of the person they care for. The intensity and duration of the tasks they must perform in fulfilling the role can significantly affect their health and well-being; it can also impact their familial and social relationships (9, 13). The greater the support needs, the more numerous and demanding the responsibilities, and the higher the likelihood of caregiver burnout (physical and\/or emotional) (13, 27). To fully understand how the burden of care affects young caregivers, it is essential to first understand and assess the condition requiring care (6).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_18 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module add_spacing preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><span style=\"font-size: 15px; font-weight: 500;\">These youth must often fulfil a range of support needs and assume a high level of responsibility (12, 22, 23, 28, 29, 30). For example, they may need to:<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Emotionally support their parent;<\/li>\n<li>Clean the family home after substance use binges;<\/li>\n<li>Develop strategies to control or reduce their parent\u2019s substance use;<\/li>\n<li>See to their parent\u2019s safety (e.g., by warding off self-harm, injury or suicide attempts);<\/li>\n<li>Ensure the mental and physical safety of their younger siblings;<\/li>\n<li>Provide financial or material support, e.g., handing over earnings, lending money to the parent, stealing food or paying for the medical or educational needs of other family members;<\/li>\n<li>In extreme cases, act as a guarantor for a parent who has legal issues.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>The intensity of care provided can also vary depending on the nature of the parent\u2019s condition (23, 30). For example, young caregivers may feel the need to remain on constant alert for a parent who is experiencing a crisis or a substance use episode (9, 23, 31):<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_4 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>Normally I can\u2019t sleep because if my mom\u2019s been drinking . . . I worry about if she fell and maybe broke her leg and how long will she be there until I wake up and help her . . . so I tend to stay awake until she falls asleep . . . but sometimes she stays up all night so I\u2019m up all night.<br \/><strong>Young caregiver (cited in 9)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_4 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_10\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"stigma-and-invisibilization\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_8 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_10 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_13 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_19 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>STIGMA AND INVISIBILIZATION <\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_20 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>As a group, young caregivers are among the most unseen, unrecognized and unsupported populations in the caregiving spectrum (8, 9, 32, 33).<\/p>\n<p>For reasons that include a paucity of knowledge about their lived realities, negative social perceptions about incapacity (notably mental health issues or physical disability) and\/or a particular family context, young caregivers are very often the victims of stigma and discrimination (6, 14, 26, 34, 35, 36). To counter this, they may go to great lengths to avoid drawing attention to their role and family situation, thus contributing to their own invisibilization (6, 8, 14, 35, 36).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_21 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Some young caregivers fear being singled out by the youth authorities, believing this could cause their family to be broken up (28, 34, 36, 37). Such fears represent a significant barrier to service access for these youth, since it can encourage them to conceal their caregiver status. Remaining alert to any signs that a young person might be a caregiver and meeting with them to offer reassurance and support are therefore of vital importance.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_22 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>Stigma and taboos around mental health conditions can exacerbate the negative repercussions experienced by young caregivers, subjecting them to prejudice, discrimination and social isolation (11, 25, 38, 39).<\/p>\n<p>Even within the family, the care receiver\u2019s mental health issues may remain unaddressed, whether due to discomfort with the topic or the internalized negative attitudes of the care receiver and\/or other family members. This simply reinforces the culture of silence around young caregivers, both within and outside of the family (8, 21, 28).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_5 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_11\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"gender\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_9 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_11 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_14 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_23 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>GENDER<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_24 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>People who identify as female are over-represented among young caregivers (7, 8, 11, 12, 14, 28, 29, 30, 43, 45, 46, 47, 48, 49, 50, 51). Gender-related expectations surrounding the provision of care are among the factors that influence an individual\u2019s likelihood to fulfil the role of caregiver with one or more people (10, 52).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_25 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The fact of identifying as female raises the probability that the caregiving relationship will continue over time or consist of multiple periods of care provision (32).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_6 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_13\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"age\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_10 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_12 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_15 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_26 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>AGE<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_27 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Age plays a decisive role in the trajectory of a young caregiver. Caregiving may start early, even as young as age three or four, and can continue right up to adulthood. The earlier the role begins, the longer the period of care provision tends to last (12).<\/p>\n<p>The ability to provide support will depend on the young caregiver\u2019s physical, motor and emotional development, all of which evolve with age. Because of this, young caregivers tend to assume increasing responsibility as they get older (8, 32).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_28 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Adolescence is when young caregivers are most apt to feel constrained by their role as they try to balance family obligations with their social life, schooling, other needs and sometimes, the demands of a part-time job (8, 10, 13, 28, 37, 44).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_7 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_14\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"socioeconomic-situation\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_11 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_13 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_16 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_29 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>SOCIOECONOMIC SITUATION<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_30 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Another influence on the trajectory of a young caregiver is the family\u2019s financial situation. Indeed, young caregivers who must cope with financial strain will face additional stress and tension, both personally and within the family. Financial insecurity can also complicate or hinder access to goods, services and support for both the caregiver and the person cared for (10).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_31 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Young caregivers are far more likely than their non-caregiver peers to experience financial insecurity or poverty (6, 14, 34, 53). Indeed, due to the challenges related to the specific condition affecting the person who needs care, families often encounter financial difficulties. Being subject to financial insecurity can significantly impact a young caregiver\u2019s professional and economic future \u2014 for example, by obliging them to enter the labour force early to help support the family (6, 14, 34, 53).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_8 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_15\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"ethnocultural-diversity-and-2slgbtqia\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_12 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_14 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_17 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_32 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>ETHNOCULTURAL DIVERSITY AND 2SLGBTQIA+<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_33 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Being from a minority or racialized ethnocultural group or identifying as 2SLGBTQIA+ are factors that can significantly influence the caregiving trajectory. Young caregivers from minority or racialized groups in particular may experience intersecting forms of oppression, subjecting them to even greater invisibility and stigma than other caregivers (29, 54).<\/p>\n<p>Having to contend with intersectionality over and above their care burden can exacerbate the vulnerability of these caregivers, resulting in health issues, unstable socioeconomic circumstances and even homelessness (29).<\/p>\n<p>What\u2019s more, their own experience may be compounded by difficulties encountered by the care receiver as they navigate through the health &amp; social services system. For example:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_5 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>I think that hospitals don\u2019t always know how to treat immigrants and sometimes there\u2019s a lot of bias there or assumptions that people don\u2019t understand them or that . . . so many doctors would talk to me and not him; and I\u2019m like; he\u2019s lived here for 30 years, his English is beautiful, so what, he has an accent.<br \/>\n<strong>Young caregiver (cited in 54) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_34 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Lastly, being from an ethnically diverse background can impact the type of tasks performed. These young caregivers may, for example, have the added responsibility of interpreting for their parent (e.g., translating documents, conversations, information during medical appointments) (55, 56).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_35 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Researching this trajectory has brought to light the lack of knowledge on the lived realities of young caregivers who identify as 2SLGBTQIA+. However, we know that in general, adult caregivers from sexual and gender minorities are more vulnerable, more apt to be overlooked and experience higher levels of distress compared to their heterosexual and cisgender counterparts (57). It is therefore crucial to consider the lived experience and family context of young caregivers who identify as 2SLGBTQIA+ in order to provide support adapted to their specific realities.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_9 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_16\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"organization-and-access-to-services\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_13 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_15 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_18 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_36 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>ORGANIZATION AND ACCESS TO SERVICES<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_37 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The organization and access to appropriate care and social services may lead to better outcomes in the caregiving trajectory. Such assistance, which can take many forms (e.g., support groups, peer support, respite services), is essential to alleviating care-related constraints and meeting young caregivers\u2019 diverse needs (13, 40, 41).<\/p>\n<p>Certain aspects to care and social services coordination can facilitate or, conversely, obstruct access to such services, thereby significantly affecting the young caregiver\u2019s trajectory.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_38 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Facilitators<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>When the person in need of assistance receives medical or psychosocial follow-up, young caregivers are more likely to access such services themselves, due to the likelihood that their role will have been identified by health and social services professionals (6, 26). <\/li>\n<li>Programs and services that acknowledge and act on the full set of needs experienced by the caregiver and their family allow young caregivers to be recognized and benefit from initiatives aimed primarily at supporting the person in need of assistance (22, 23).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_39 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Barriers<\/strong><\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Staff and resource shortages delay access to services, which can result in long waits before assistance is received. The sooner support is received in the trajectory, the lower the negative repercussions linked to the role (13, 29, 42). <\/li>\n<li>Eligibility for most youth services ends at age 18, while services specific to the transition toward adulthood can be unduly complex if not entirely absent (42). Cut off from the services they had previously received, young caregivers can find it difficult to find new forms of support (13). <\/li>\n<li>Cumbersome service infrastructures can make it onerous to manage certain legal matters for which young caregivers may be responsible (e.g., the lease, medical information requests re. the parent\u2019s state of health, incapacity mandates, legalization issues) (22, 29, 43).<\/li>\n<li>Confidentiality requirements can complicate communications between young caregivers and healthcare personnel. For example, practitioners cannot share health information about the care receiver without their express consent, even if this information is crucial to the young caregiver\u2019s ability to provide adequate care and support (8).  <\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_6 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>\u201cSorry, I can\u2019t tell you, obligation of confidentiality. Your [schizophrenic] mother has to give permission first.\u201d I was so frustrated! [\u2026] I did not get any information but was the one who organizes everything. <br \/><strong>Young caregiver (cited in 8)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_10 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_17\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"entry-into-caregiving\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_14 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_16 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_19 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_40 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>ENTRY INTO CAREGIVING<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_41 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>The entry into caregiving may occur during childhood, adolescence or early adulthood. Young people become caregivers in one of two ways: \u2018natural\u2019 or gradual entry and sudden entry.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u2018NATURAL\u2019 AND GRADUAL ENTRY <\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The so-called \u2018natural\u2019 and gradual way into care generally occurs at a young age, i.e., during childhood, with the young person typically describing being a caregiver for as long as they can remember (12, 19).<\/p>\n<p>In these situations, identifying a particular point in time when care provision began is impossible (8, 11, 12, 13, 58). While there is nothing \u2018natural\u2019 about being shouldered with care responsibilities as a child, in these cases, it amounts to a reality that has always been part of their family structure:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_7 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p><span style=\"font-size: 15px;\">I\u2019ve been a caregiver pretty much my whole life. So, starting when I was a kid, then a teenager, [&#8230;] then an adult. I wasn\u2019t always aware of it. . . [but] it\u2019s something that happens and becomes part of your life without you even realizing the role you fill. [free translation]<br \/><\/span><strong style=\"font-size: 15px; display: inline !important;\">Viviane, former young caregiver (cited in 59)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_42 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Repercussions<br \/><\/strong>When young caregivers begin \u2018naturally\u2019 and gradually providing care for a person, they quickly normalize the role. This may influence their trajectory inasmuch as their identify becomes enmeshed with their status as caregiver (36).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_43 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>In the literature, these young caregivers commonly assume the role gradually and naturally (23).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_44 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>SUDDEN ENTRY<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A sudden entry into caregiving is more typical of the experience of teenaged or young adult caregivers, although it can sometimes occur during childhood.<\/p>\n<p>It typically follows on a diagnosis, the birth of a sick or disabled sibling, or the death or departure of a parent who had been the primary caregiver (8, 13, 25).<\/p>\n<p>Young caregivers may thus be able to identify a specific change in the family structure that marks the moment when their caregiving responsibilities began:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_8 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>It started when my father moved out. It was as if our world would collapse, my foundations, my family . . . exploded.<br \/>\n<strong>Young caregiver (cited in 8)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_45 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Repercussions<br \/><\/strong>When the entry into caregiving is sudden, young caregivers can find themselves having to organize and coordinate care, services and support for the person in need of assistance \u2014 a role they must assume on top of juggling the challenges of adolescence and the transition to adulthood (6, 28, 37, 55).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_11 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_18\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"resources-and-support\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_15 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_17 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_20 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_46 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>RESOURCES AND SUPPORT<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_47 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Caregiver identification is the first step to facilitating access to support and resources. Having their role acknowledged can help young caregivers find or be guided toward resources adapted to their realities. <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_48 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Various forms of support are available to young caregivers. Crucially, having access to the appropriate services early on in the trajectory can help young caregivers and their families deconstruct the notion that their role is \u2018natural\u2019. This makes it possible for children, teens and young adults who provide care to avoid building their identity solely around the fact of being a caregiver and instead, thrive in other areas of life (13).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_49 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>Social stigma around mental health issues and their sufferers can cause young caregivers, the person in need of assistance or other family members to avoid seeking help (28, 38, 39).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_9 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>[I]t\u2019s [natural] for [us] to keep things hidden, to keep things to ourselves because nobody else \u2014 normal people \u2014 can\u2019t really understand the situation.<br \/>\n<strong>Young caregiver (cited in 21)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_50 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>ACCESS TO RELIABLE INFORMATION<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>A key component of accessing support is obtaining accurate, reliable information, not just on the role of caregiver but also on the health of the person cared for (27). Technological tools like YouTube videos, social media, apps and online forums are relevant and interesting ways of getting information across to young caregivers (37), who also tend to favour them since they enable anonymous and instant access from anywhere (37, 43). Such tools can help young caregivers break through their isolation and surmount the barriers to seeking help or the fear that stops them from communicating face to face (11, 60).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_51 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>Being able to obtain information on mental health conditions helps to demystify them as well as deconstruct the surrounding stigma. Helping young caregivers better understand the challenges facing their parent can also relieve some of the frustration or anger they may feel (38, 43).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_52 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>PEER SUPPORT GROUPS<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Peer support groups are often highly appreciated by young caregivers, providing a chance to share their experiences and discuss the challenges they face. Such groups can break through isolation and loneliness, providing access to information as well as to activities that offer some respite from the family situation (11, 13, 37).<\/p>\n<p>Interacting with support groups can help young caregivers develop coping strategies, resilience and autonomy. Through such interactions, they can also become better able to identify their feelings, making it easier to express and discuss their challenges (19, 37).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_53 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<\/strong>These young people are often desperately in need of someone to talk to \u2014 someone who can help them regain hope as well as offer advice, encouragement, comfort and empathy in the face of their difficult and often complex family situation (43).<\/p>\n<p>As well as breaking through their isolation and solitude, peer support groups can help young caregivers (38, 43):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Deconstruct prejudices about mental health;<\/li>\n<li>Develop coping strategies;<\/li>\n<li>Develop communication skills;<\/li>\n<li>Feel optimistic about the future.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_54 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>BETTER SUPPORTING THE CARE RECEIVER<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The availability of services and resources adapted to the care receiver\u2019s condition remain among the best ways of assisting young caregivers, mainly by lightening their load (40, 41).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_55 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Repercussions<br \/><\/strong>Providing varied services and resources to people with mental or physical health conditions eases the burden on those around them, particularly their caregivers, who no longer have to bear the responsibility alone (27). However, even with such support, many young caregivers, motivated by their emotional ties and desire to help, will continue to care for the person and will therefore still need support to address their own needs (40).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_56 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<\/strong>Programs with a holistic, family-centred approach offer support to parents and young caregivers alike. Such an approach aids not just the care receiver, but also the entire family.<\/p>\n<p>Offering many benefits, these programs provide a chance to (22, 23):<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>Access support tailored to specific situations and challenges; <\/li>\n<li>Address taboo topics like dependency or the experience of being a parent living with a mental illness;<\/li>\n<li>Connect with other parents and families, making it possible to form relationships and break out of social isolation;<\/li>\n<li>Develop better self-esteem, learn new coping strategies and improve communication within the family.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_57 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>SUPPORT AT SCHOOL<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>The school environment is a crucial factor in the trajectory of young caregivers, given that it is often their primary venue for social interaction. Schools can be vital places of support or, equally, unsafe spaces rife with injustice where young caregivers might experience bullying in relation to their role (14, 37, 61, 62).<\/p>\n<p>Similarly, the attitudes of teachers and other educational professionals can positively or negatively impact the educational pathway of young caregivers (13, 14, 37, 63).<\/p>\n<p><strong>Without the support of school staff:<\/strong> Many factors \u2014 lack of time, fatigue, stress, anxieties \u2014 can cause young caregivers to show poor academic performance. Without support from school staff, they may find themselves struggling or even failing. This can have serious repercussions for their future, notably by limiting their opportunities for higher education (13).<\/p>\n<p><strong>With the support of school staff: <\/strong>Educational personnel who recognize and support young caregivers can alleviate their stress and improve their quality of life by offering better learning conditions (14). For example, more flexible assignment completion deadlines can help young caregivers reconcile home responsibilities with their studies (37, 63).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_58 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>To adequately support young caregivers, teachers and other professionals must consider the specificities of their situation (37, 63). Schools can also innovate by adapting their services to different situations. For example, having the option to use online learning tools can help young caregivers balance learning with their care work (19).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_12 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_19\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"end-of-caregiving-and-post-caregiving-period\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\">\n<div class=\"et_pb_section_16 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_row_18 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_column_21 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_59 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>END OF CAREGIVING AND POST-CAREGIVING PERIOD<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_60 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Being the caregiver of a person with an incapacity may span numerous developmental stages, from childhood through adolescence and into adult life.<\/p>\n<p>Caregiving can come to an end for many reasons: the death of the person who received the care (10), the arrival of new people in their life, their placement in a facility, and so on.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_text_61 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Once their role as caregiver comes to an end, many caregivers undergo a period during which they must redefine who they are (36, 68, 69, 70). This phenomenon is particularly present among young people who have interiorized the role. It is therefore important to offer young caregivers support and resources as they transition out of this phase and into new areas of life.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_13 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_20\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"the-transition-to-adulthood\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_17 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_19 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_22 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_62 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>TRANSITION TO ADULTHOOD<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_63 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Roughly spanning the period from ages 16 to 25, the transition to adulthood is a time during which young people develop their autonomy and independence while forming new relationships and lifestyle habits (64, 65). This stage is all the more crucial for young caregivers, whose decisions at this time can be strongly influenced by their role (13, 17, 28, 37, 66):<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_10 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>[My training] was in L\u00e9vis and I had a chance to stay there after it was done. [But I had to] go back to La Pocati\u00e8re to take care of my dad. So it influenced my life anyway, it takes up space. [free translation]<br \/><strong>Catherine, former young caregiver (cited in 59) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_64 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Many young caregivers transition to adulthood without any support or information. They may also hesitate to share their fears, anxieties and questions with their parents so as not to add to the family burden (17).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_65 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>For these youth, the transition to adulthood may prove extremely complex and difficult, particularly when the family situation is chaotic or if they receive little by way of parental or social support (12, 28, 29). Offering tools and resources that can mitigate the potential negative repercussions of caregiving early in the trajectory is crucial to helping young caregivers navigate this period (28).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_66 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>POST-SECONDARY STUDIES AND CAREER CHOICES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"padding-bottom:0;\">The fact of being a caregiver can significantly impact the decisions young caregivers make about their studies:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The educational establishment may be chosen based on location and proximity to the family home to allow the young caregiver to continue supporting the person (9, 13).<\/li>\n<li>The number of courses\/program schedule may be chosen to align with caregiving responsibilities (9, 13).<\/li>\n<li>The choice of field of study or career may be linked to the young person\u2019s identification with their role as caregiver. When this role is internalized, young people will gravitate \u2018naturally\u2019 (i.e., without it necessarily being an informed or even a desired choice) toward professions or fields related to care or social services where they can apply the skills, knowledge and expertise acquired during their time as a caregiver (9, 13, 67).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>Some caregivers appreciate the flexibility afforded by higher education (13, 67). Others, however, feel their caregiving responsibilities leave them no choice but to put off their post-secondary studies:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_11 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>I doubt I can leave them and I don\u2019t want anything bad to happen to them so I am thinking about holding back on college and university until they are better . . . even if I have to wait until I\u2019m 40 I will . . . but I won\u2019t go until they are better.<br \/><strong>Young caregiver (cited in 9) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_67 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Repercussions<br \/><\/strong>For young caregivers, undertaking further education often means juggling the complex logistics of transportation, classes, schedules, assessments and sometimes part-time employment with their caregiving tasks (13).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_68 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>EMPLOYMENT<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Young caregivers aged between 16 and 25 are more liable to be unemployed or receive social aid than their non-caregiver peers (11, 58, 66). Indeed, a certain proportion will be obliged to leave a job that interferes with their ability to properly care for the person (9, 13). Conversely, some will enter the labour market very early on in search of part-time work to help support the household financially.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_69 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>It is crucial that young caregivers have a good employer who can offer scheduling flexibility \u2014 for example, allowing them time off to take the person cared for to appointments or respond to emergencies (13, 67).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_70 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Repercussions<br \/><\/strong>Due to their caregiving responsibilities, young caregivers may experience greater difficulty meeting their immediate material needs, a reality that raises their likelihood of experiencing economic hardship once they reach adulthood (6, 14, 34, 53).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_71 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>LEAVING THE FAMILY HOME<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>For the majority of young caregivers, leaving the family home does not imply the end of caregiving. Indeed, this significant life transition can be highly complex for all who are involved, including the person who receives the care and those around. Many young caregivers may set out to leave home as soon as possible, some even striving to put the greatest possible geographical distance between them and their complex family situation (17, 30). Still others move out but find themselves feeling obliged to return if the care receiver continues to need support and they are unable to detach from their role (17).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_12 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>It\u2019s hard because I never imagined that I would still be living at home at 23. But your choices . . . your choices are limited because you can\u2019t . . . I can\u2019t move out.<br \/><strong>Young caregiver (cited in 13)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_72 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Repercussions<br \/><\/strong>Young adults who have had to provide a high level of care have more difficulty projecting themselves into the future and leaving the family home, as well as formulating plans and aspirations (13). The decision to leave home can be particularly difficult, often arousing feelings of guilt tied in with having to choose between personal\/professional opportunities and the health and wellness of the person they care for, sometimes even that of the whole family (9).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_73 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>LIFE PARTNERS AND FUTURE FAMILY CHOICES<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Meeting a partner can prove particularly complex for young caregivers, whose many responsibilities can make it all but impossible to find the time to meet new people and form romantic relationships (30). The challenges of caregiving may also influence the desire to have a child. Indeed, young caregivers can anticipate obstacles and fear being unable to reconcile the needs of their future children with the ongoing support needs of their parent.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_74 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Repercussions<br \/><\/strong>Many young caregivers feel caught between their caring responsibilities and the demands or expectations of a partner or relationship (30). Conversely, a partner who is sensitized to the realities of caregiving can be a source of emotional support and help young adult caregivers cope by making them feel less alone. Such a situation can provide some much-needed stability.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_13 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>Stability within my relationship is something . . . as unstable as my life has been, it\u2019s the opposite for my couple.<br \/><strong>Young caregiver (cited in 28)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_75 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>For some in this group, the thought of entering into a long-term relationship\u00a0and starting a family can provoke severe anxiety\u00a0\u2014\u00a0for example, the\u00a0fear of replicating\u00a0the relationship behaviours they had seen as children:\u00a0<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_14 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>I said to [him] when we got engaged, I think we should write a pre-nup in case I go mad and I\u2019m horrible to you like my mum was.<br \/><strong>Young caregiver (cited in 30)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_76 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>As with other young caregivers, the fact of having to provide care for many years may affect the decision to have children (30). Specifically, the young caregivers can:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li style=\"list-style-type: none;\">\n<ul>\n<li>Feel unable to rely on their parent as a supportive grandparent.<\/li>\n<li>Foresee complications in the relationship between their child and their parent with a mental health condition.<\/li>\n<li>Feel emotionally ill-equipped to parent, particularly if they lacked parental support while growing up:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_15 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>The trauma leaves its mark. You\u2019re a long time putting yourself back together, finding out who you are. So now here I am, a parent who had no real role models. I think I\u2019m actually a pretty good parent, but where do I get that from? [free translation]<br \/><strong>Viviane, former young caregiver (cited in 59) <\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_14 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_21\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"reconfiguring-the-role-of-caregiver\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_18 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_20 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_23 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_77 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>RECONFIGURING THE ROLE OF CAREGIVER<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_78 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Once they reach adulthood, many young caregivers experience a transitional period during which, for various reasons, their caring role is reconfigured. For example:<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>The young caregiver leaves the family home (e.g., moving in with a partner, moving away for work and\/or studies, or just to escape a complex family dynamic);<\/li>\n<li>The care receiver accesses services or moves into assisted living:<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_16 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>I left home when Mum was finally provided with the nursing care she needed.<br \/><strong>Young caregiver (cited in 27)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_79 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>While this reconfiguration represents a key point in the trajectory, it doesn\u2019t necessarily signal the end of their tasks and responsibilities, nor the end of caregiving. Many young caregivers continue to provide support to the person, albeit at a different level and based on new terms (e.g., remotely or with external support).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_80 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Different sociodemographic and contextual factors will vary how the caring role is reconfigured. For example, being from a minority group or subject to financial precarity can complexify access to care and services for the person in need of assistance (10, 54, 55, 56).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_81 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module add_spacing preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>As is the case with other caregivers, the period during which the caring role is reconfigured can be highly stressful for young caregivers whose parent has a mental health condition. Here, the stress may be intensified depending on the specific nature of the condition. For instance, the thought of leaving a parent who suffers from depression or suicidal ideation alone and unsupported can cause the caregiver significant anxiety (22, 28).<\/p>\n<p>The role may also be reconfigured when the parent receives support, treatment or stops using substances, a period that, for the caregiver, can likewise prove disruptive:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_17 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>[My mother] just completely flipped out, and she is just the complete opposite of what she was, and I don\u2019t know, like it\u2019s good because she is not drinking anymore, but at the same time I didn\u2019t feel like she was my Mum any more, it just completely changed my view on her, I was like well who the f*** is this, it isn\u2019t someone I know, it\u2019s true I didn\u2019t know her.<strong>Young caregiver (cited in 23)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_82 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>While a parent\u2019s rehabilitation may greatly lessen the burden for the young caregiver, it does not signal the end of caregiving. Many young caregivers will continue to worry about and support their parent through the healing process as well as out of fear of seeing them relapse (22). <\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n\n<div class=\"el_modal_popup_15 el_modal_popup et_pb_module\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_trigger_element_wrapper\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_wrapper el_modal_popup_center el_modal_popup_close_on_background_click\" data-disable-website-scroll=\"on\" data-id=\"el_modal_popup_module_22\" data-re-render=\"on\" data-autoplay-video=\"off\" data-trigger-type=\"element\" data-trigger-delay=\"3000ms\" data-trigger-element-class=\"recognition-of-young-caregivers\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_inner_wrap el_modal_popup_animated et_animated\" data-animation-repeat=\"once\" data-animation-style=\"fade\" data-animation-duration=\"400ms\" data-animation-delay=\"0ms\" data-animation-intensity=\"50%\" data-animation-starting_opacity=\"0\" data-animation-speed_curve=\"ease-in-out\" data-animation-class=\"\"><div class=\"el_modal_popup_body\"><div class=\"et_pb_section_19 et_pb_section et_section_regular et_block_section preset--group--divi-section--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_row_21 et_pb_row et_block_row preset--group--divi-row--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_column_24 et_pb_column et_pb_column_4_4 et-last-child et_block_column et_pb_css_mix_blend_mode_passthrough preset--group--divi-column--divi-transition--default\">\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_83 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><h3><strong>RECOGNITION OF YOUNG CAREGIVERS<\/strong><\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_84 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>For young caregivers, having their role recognized by their immediate circle and more broadly, by society, is a key factor in their caregiving journey. Indeed, whether or not their role is acknowledged will have significant implications for their life course.<\/p>\n<p>More widespread recognition of the role is a crucial first step to bringing the experiences and needs of young caregivers to the fore. Not only does this validate their role socially, but it also helps reduce psychological distress by fostering understanding and support from those around them (18, 37).<\/p>\n<p>Recognition may also help protect young caregivers inasmuch as it allows them to:  <\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>obtain relevant information on their role (60);<\/li>\n<li>access a range of resources like young caregiver support groups;<\/li>\n<li>improve communications with their family and friends, health &#038; social services professionals and the educational milieu (8, 13, 37, 38).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_85 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Repercussions<br \/><\/strong>The quicker young caregivers are recognized by family or professionals, the more quickly they\u2019ll access information and support, which can mitigate the negative repercussions of their role on their trajectory (60). Recognition can also help young caregivers protect their independence by enabling them to set boundaries regarding their care-related tasks and responsibilities (26). Without recognition, young caregivers may experience distress, isolation and a lack of support (19, 61).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_86 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p>Health and social services professionals have a crucial role to play in fostering the recognition of young caregivers. Often in direct contact with the person in need of assistance, they are well placed to note the young person\u2019s role as a care provider (6, 26, 37). School staff can likewise do much toward identifying young caregivers, a largely hidden population that\u2019s frequently overlooked by other support services (61). Health, social services and educational professionals must therefore be aware of the situation of young caregivers and the related issues if they are to effectively provide recognition and support.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_text_87 et_pb_text et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-text--divi-transition--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_text_inner\"><p><strong>Young caregivers of a parent with a mental health condition<br \/><\/strong>Stigma, taboos and the culture of silence around mental health issues further complicate the identification of young caregivers (8, 21, 23, 25).<\/p>\n<p>Many young caregivers, not realizing that there are places where they can go to discuss the issues affecting them and their family, are unaware that their situation is anything other than normal. Indeed, awareness of their role is often only prompted through contact with their non-caregiver peers:<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div>\r\n\r\n<div class=\"et_pb_blurb_18 et_pb_blurb et_pb_bg_layout_light et_pb_blurb_position_left et_pb_module et_block_module s-block preset--group--divi-blurb--divi-transition--default preset--module--divi-blurb--default\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_content\"><div class=\"et_pb_main_blurb_image\"><span class=\"et_pb_image_wrap\"><span class=\"et-pb-icon\">8<\/span><\/span><\/div><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_container\"><div class=\"et_pb_blurb_description\"><p>I was invited to a birthday party for a friend from school. [\u2026] And there I saw how different their family life was and how they treat each other. Then, I began to realise what was not going well at home. Before that, everything was just normal to me.<br \/>\n<strong>Young caregiver (cited in 8)<\/strong><\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div>\r\n<\/div><\/div><span class=\"et-pb-icon el_modal_popup_close el_modal_popup_close_icon\">Q<\/span><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"","protected":false},"author":16,"featured_media":0,"parent":0,"menu_order":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-11255","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.2 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Trajectory of Young Caregivers - Observatoireprocheaidance<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"The term young caregiver refers to children, teens and young adults who provide substantial, unpaid day-to-day care for a person due to a permanent or temporary disability (physical, mental, psychosocial or other).\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/en\/trajectory-of-young-caregivers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Trajectory of Young Caregivers - Observatoireprocheaidance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"The term young caregiver refers to children, teens and young adults who provide substantial, unpaid day-to-day care for a person due to a permanent or temporary disability (physical, mental, psychosocial or other).\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\/en\/trajectory-of-young-caregivers\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Observatoireprocheaidance\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2026-07-18T15:55:27+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"Est. reading time\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"44 minutes\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"WebPage\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\\\/en\\\/trajectory-of-young-caregivers\\\/\",\"url\":\"https:\\\/\\\/observatoireprocheaidance.ca\\\/en\\\/trajectory-of-young-caregivers\\\/\",\"name\":\"Trajectory of Young Caregivers - 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